Here’s what we learned in science this week:

• We finally get a study on how self-affirmation works in the brain, and why the corresponding sense of openness helps us solve problems.
• We learn that in the context of group violence, most people’s morals shift toward authority and loyalty, rather than harm and fairness, when the violence is committed by their own group.
• Researchers have finally found an explanation for how a drug called ketamine can eliminate depression in minutes, by activating synapses.
• The amygdala, a part of the brain that specializes in aggression, fear, and emotional learning, also appears to be specially designed to detect eye contact.
• Using laser interference, scientists have created a “tractor beam” made from rings of light.
• Contrary to popular misconceptions, the amount of ice in Antarctica is actually growing. Current models predict that global warming, while melting ice, also leads to higher snowfall.
• A kidney transplant from an organ growing lab appears to be working out well for animals. Are humans next?

Popular Science Book This Week:

Edge of the Universe: A Voyage to the Cosmic Horizon and Beyond